Referencing and Paraphrasing Free Essays

string(118) utilizing direct citations and guarantee that you can build up your own voice and clarify your own contribution. Groundwork for required test: Introducing Referencing is the key methods by which you can maintain a strategic distance from literary theft and is vital to the act of scholarly trustworthiness. The essential thought is that whenever you use data, thoughts or words from another source you have to utilize referencing to recognize the first creator. Utilizing somebody else’s thoughts without plainly recognizing this is the thing that you have done is a conspicuous penetrate of the standards of trust and reasonableness which bolster scholarly undertaking. We will compose a custom article test on Referencing and Paraphrasing or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now It can here and there be hard to know whatâ you are required to reference, and numerous understudies erroneously accept that it is just scholastic distributions which need referencing. Truth be told whenever you use somebody else’s thoughts or data you have to reference: in the event that you don't, you are counterfeiting. The accompanying records help you comprehend when referencing is vital and when it isn't. While finishing a task, the accompanying sources must be referenced: * books and course books diary articles * papers and magazines * handouts and leaflets * films, narratives, TV projects and promotions * website pages and all PC based assets including online journals and blog entries, web recordings and vodcasts * letters and messages * individual meetings * talk and instructional exercise notes * interchanges with speakers, guides and different experts (messages and discussions) * recreated * tables * outlines * charts * formulae * graphs * delineations * pictures * photos While finishing a task there is no compelling reason to reference: * your own perceptions †for instance, in the trial results segment of a report * your own expounding on your own encounters †for instance, in an intelligent diary * your own considerations, remarks or ends * your own examination or assessment †for instance, in the chances and dangers and proposals areas of a report * your own translations of the hugeness of information or realities * your connection of information or realities to the contention of a report or paper †for instance, in the suggestions segment of a report * basic information Regular information There are a few sorts of data that don't should be referenced. Regular information †that is, information held in like manner in the open space †shouldn't be referenced. For instance, it is regular information that Australia is a vote based system, and thusly an announcement with this impact in a task shouldn't be referenced. Notwithstanding, in the event that you are talking about subtleties of sentiment from different Australian ideological groups on a topical issue, these perspectives should be referenced in light of the fact that they speak to particular information. If all else fails about what can be accepted as regular information, counsel your unit of study facilitator or guide. The legitimacy of data when in doubt, just sound sources ought to be utilized in college assignments. Data and thoughts from sites, general individuals from people in general and different understudies isn't really trustworthy. Validity originates from a quality affirmation process. For instance, articles in scholastic diaries are typically peer evaluated, and have in this manner experienced such a procedure. College instructors and guides have experienced an identical procedure. The web doesn't have a standard quality confirmation process. Data is regularly distributed without any checks for exactness or validation. Hence you have to ensure that you evaluate the legitimacy of data sourced from the web. For what reason would it be a good idea for me to reference? Past issues of scholastic trustworthiness there are other valid justifications to reference. Just as helping you to work in a legitimate way, by clarifying what is crafted by others, referencing guarantees that your marker realizes what is your own work and that your evaluations are stamped reasonably. Three valid justifications to reference * Referencing is fundamental to the improvement of your own insight and thoughts * Many understudies feel befuddled about what is normal as far as their utilization of sources and the introduction of their own thoughts. While you are relied upon to introduce your own thoughts in a task, an individual reaction to the task question isn't satisfactory. Your marker searches for proof that you have built up your thoughts after close thought of existing scholarly information and thoughts. So as to exhibit that your thoughts depend on careful research, you have to allude to every important source and present them in such a way, that you archive their impact. * Referencing permits the marker to obviously distinguish your own ‘ voice’ * A significant capacity of referencing is that it clarifies where a specific certainty or thought has originated from. Since your task will incorporate your very own blend thoughts and thoughts and data from different sources, it is pivotal that your marker can without much of a stretch recognize the distinction. In the event that you do exclude references, or don't sufficiently and precisely reference, you will infer that thoughts and data are your own when they are most certainly not. This is literary theft. * References are a significant sign for your marker In a task, your marker is searching for proof that: * you have comprehended and acclimatized thoughts and data from your sources * you can break down the criticalness of the thoughts and nformation from your sources with regards to your task †for instance, in the chances and dangers area of a report * you can assess the overall pertinence of the thoughts and data from your sources with regards to your task †for instance, in the suggestions segment of a report * you can build up a contention dependent on the thoughts and data from your sourcesâ †for instance, in a paper. Great referencing encourages your marker to plainly recognize these characteristics in your work. When would it be advisable for me to reference? Knowin g when you have to reference is just the initial phase in dodging literary theft. The subsequent advance includes figuring out how to coordinate the data and thoughts of others into your own work. At whatever point you fuse source material into your task you have a decision: to utilize indistinguishable careful words from the first, or to utilize your own words to communicate the thought or data. Summing up and rewording offer options in contrast to utilizing direct citations and guarantee that you can build up your own voice and clarify your own commitment. You read Referencing and Paraphrasing in class Exposition models Direct citation An immediate citation is an in exactly the same words proliferation of somebody else’s words, either composed or spoken At the point when you decide to utilize an immediate citation in your task, you have to: * Enclose the immediate citation in single quotes ‘†¦. ’, guaranteeing that all the words you have imitated are incorporated * Double-check your citation to guarantee that it is an in exactly the same words replication of the first and that the accentuation is likewise the equivalent * Include the author’s family name (or source name), distribution date and page number, following the citation (or inside the sentence where you utilize the citation) * Ensure that the referencing subtleties are precise: your peruser should have the option to find the first utilizing this data. Cited unique words or expressions likewise should be encased in quotes, despite the fact that they may not communicate a whole thought or sentence. An expression of warning†¦ You ought not depend too vigorously on direct citations in your assignments. While direct citations can be valuable in guaranteeing that you precisely decipher a mind boggling thought, on the off chance that you utilize too many direct citations in your thinking of you are letting your sources talk as opposed to setting up your own voice. This makes it hard for your peruser to find out what you have comprehended and what commitment you are making. When utilizing sources guarantee that you oftentimes re-express thoughts in your own words and stating. Utilizing your own words Paraphrasing and summing up are options in contrast to utilizing direct citations, and permit you to communicate your source’s data and thoughts in your own words. Rewording A summarization is a short segment of text that holds the source’s unique importance yet communicates it in various words. So as to summarize you have to accomplish more than basically transform a couple of words. To reword authentically, you have to initially comprehend the first significance, and afterward express this importance in your own words, stating and sentences. Here is a case of how to reword. The accompanying entry is taken from page 180 of Schminke, M. , Arnaud, A. what's more, Kuenzi, M. 2007, ‘The intensity of moral work climates’ ? , Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 171-186. Moral affectability can be improved through preparing. To upgrade moral mindfulness, associations first need to clarify obviously what establishes untrustworthy and unlawful conduct, and to explain wanted worker practices as for every authoritative partner. This requires plainly conveying formal, complete morals strategies and techniques (e. g. , morals codes) to representatives at all levels, including chiefs, in order to give formal limits to choices, exercises, and practices in the association. Nonetheless, mindfulness preparing ought to likewise test the casual hazy areas of far reaching morals strategies. It might do as such using situation studies, games, and intelligent recordings, which incorporate moral difficulties that representatives may look in their work environment. Such preparing open doors permit people adequate introduction to the act of recognizing moral issues in sensible settings. Adequate rework Below is a legitim

Bioethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bioethics - Case Study Example cochlear embeds in different district inside various networks to have the option to recognize huge of cochlear embed gadget concerning vilification and acknowledgment inside these networks. Cochlear embed gadget help kids to speak with others in proficiency way. It gets difficult for a youngster to convey around when the person in question don't have cochlear embed gadget. In any case, the disparagement inside various network on occasion wins among this family with hard of hearing individual. A few networks notwithstanding, dislike the implantation of cochlear gadgets naming as non-reporter uprightness. Uprightness morals is the applied hypothesis since hard of hearing youngsters without cochlear embeds and living in the Deaf people group generally gets tough situations to convey the extent that the issue of cochlear gadget is concerned. As per the examination, it has been realized that this gadget have directed the issue of deafness inside various networks and any network against the cochlear embed choice oppose the activity as well as need deafness issue to win on the loose. All in all, Cochlear embed gadget help youngsters to speak with others in productive way. It gets difficult for a youngster to convey around when the person in question don't have cochlear embed gadget. Uprightness morals is the applied hypothesis since hard of hearing kids without cochlear embeds and living in the Deaf people group normally gets difficult situations to convey the extent that the issue of cochlear gadget is concerned. As indicated by the exploration, it has been realized that this gadget have controlled the issue of deafness inside various network. In the classifications, there is just one gathering for the turn of events, sort of hopping to the end that the network is pointless and that they need to build up their instrument. Nonetheless, they will likely have fifth gathering to address the advantages of keeping the youngsters hard of hearing or not. The best way to build up the instrument is to contrast hard of hearing kids and non-hard of hearing

turn the dial to 88.1

turn the dial to 88.1 Up until last Thursday, my only on-air experience was the one time I won season passes to Astroworld from a failing radio station back in my hometown, and yelled and jumped up and down. I never told my mom how I lost my season pass the first day I had it; I just never asked to go back. So last Thursday, one of my friends, Shaye, who has a radio show on WMBR, the MIT radio station, invited a few of us to go join him on the air since the jockey that had the two hour slot before him was out that week, and he was filling in. So after grabbing a bite to eat at Cinderellas, we head over to the Walker basement for the show. Id never been down to WMBR before so it was pretty cool. Their music collection is incredible. Shayes show highlights Celtic Rock, and our show had a little bit of everything, some Trans-Siberian Orchestra, some Mercury Program, and some DJ Tiesto. I hear that during Orientation, they let people come down to the studio and do 30 minute shows, I might impersonate a freshman and try it. If Im in Boston next summer, does anyone want to apply for a radio show with me? Friday night, I went to a going-away dinner for my friend Dexter 05 at TGI Fridays, and later that night played Mafia where surprisingly I, as one of the Mafia, managed to stay alive. As for the rest of the weekend, I finally managed to halfway move rooms as each semester we shuffle rooms in the house. Ill move the rest of it some other time. This upcoming week will be really exciting, Wednesday, the pre-Orientation program Ill be a counselor for begins, and well be doing some pretty fun stuff including BLUE MAN GROUP. Oh and last Wednesday, I went to a Bhangra performance. I was inspired to learn how to dance bhangra. word. Post Tagged #WMBR

Factors In Predicting Trends Pound Dollar Exchange Rates Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1890 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Foreign Exchange market or FOREX as its popularly known has grown vastly over the past few decades. It has been through a lot of rocky patches is one of the most volatile markets, but is still one of the most highly traded most liquid markets in any country is worth trillions of dollars. According to www.investorwords.com[1]Forex trading is estimated at around $4 trillion everyday. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors In Predicting Trends Pound Dollar Exchange Rates Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It is a non-stop process is carried out round the clock due to the various time zones. What makes FOREX so desirable to all parties involved is predicting fluctuations in movements of exchange rates which helps them make huge short-term profits, acquire foreign currency at bargain rates avoid huge losses at any given point. FOREX is an excellent investment opportunity for risk seeking investors who like engaging in speculation. There are various theories underlining FOREX such as the ones shown by Agarwal et al. (2002) for the law of one price which states that identical products in perfectly competitive markets should sell at the same base price when prices are expressed in the same denominations. The interest rate effects theory states that FOREX rates would become stable at a juncture where there would be equality of interest when capital is allowed to freely flow in out of a country. The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) rule states that if inflation forces the prices to increase in one country but not in another one, the purchasing power would change which subsequently would lead to exchange rates changes reflecting the purchasing power of the currencies involved. The International Fisher Effect tells us that the change in interest rates should move in opposite direction of the change in spot of two currencies should be equal to it. There are various forces like Demand Supply, stock markets, confidence in a currency, business environment, political factors which work behind FOREX. Ehrmann and Fratzscher (2005) incorporate in their paper that news about fundamental factors have significant impact on the exchange rates. They concluded in their paper that an environment with high market uncertainty large exchange rate volatility are hugely impacted by news about fundamentals. They also drew attention to the fact that according to their study large unexpected news or negative news had a relatively larger effect on exchange rates than positive or smaller unexpected news. Hartley P. (1982) says that there are numerous models which imply that movements in FOREX are due to the way monetary policy is adopted in different countries. A huge amount of negative vibes has been existent ever since Meese Rogoff (1983) findings that fundamentals based models don`t succeed in outperforming a random walk for exchange rates. They reported in their findings that the reason why monetary models perform poorly is that disturbances impinging on exchange markets are predominantly rea l. As always there have been huge debates about the validity of the results by Meese Rogoff. Some authors like Diebold et al (1994) support the findings whereas Macdonald Marsh (1997) tell us through studies done by Macdonald Taylor (1994) Mark (1995) that fundamental based models can outperform a random walk can over long term period. This gave rise to explanations which were generally non-fundamental in nature, like Macdonald Marsh (1997) who shed insight into the work done by Frankel Rose (1994) on microstructure hypothesis in their research. Conceptual Framework: The Macro-economic or fundamental factors are factors that affect the economy of the country such as the financial markets viz. stock and derivatives markets, bond markets, etc., inflation, the monetary policy of the government which includes regulating interest rates, the fiscal policy which shows government income and expenditure, the growth rate of the economy of the country .i.e. GDP, Balance of Payments Position which shows the import and export surplus or deficit of the country, etc. The Macro-economic or fundamental factors and technical analysis are the independent variables that will be used for study in the research, while the trend analysis is used as the dependant variable. Having a look at the factors that affect the exchange rate:- Business Environment :- this pre-dominantly means the monetary fiscal policy as positive indications of government policies increase the demand for a particular currency as more more people want to invest is a government friendly country. FDI is for taking advantage of comparative advantages economies of scale. Political factors :- FOREX rates are heavily dependant on the success of a government may fluctuate depending upon if there is a stable govt. at the centre or not. A threat to any coalition govt. will seriously effect the FOREX rates. Stock market :- most of the major indices have direct correlation with FOREX rates, like the Dow is the most influential index on the dollar. Economic Data:- economic data like GDP, CPI, Productivity etc effect the exchange rate massively. Confidence in a currency is the greatest influence on currency exchange. Growth Productivity of an economy :- an increase in the growth rate productivity rate , especially in the traded sector, has a major impact on the exchange rates. Government Influence :- the government also plays an important role in the exchange rate of their currency as it controls a lot of factors that influence exchange rates like money supply, lending rates etc.. A govt. may buy or sell FOREX just to maintain a balance or for the benefits of importers or exporters. Methodology The research methodology adopted in this study is a very simplistic approach to find the relationship between different variables concerned and does not exactly represent any work done in the past. The models used in most of the studies till now have made changes to regression models to incorporate a lot more terms and information, and thus are much more complicated. The model that will be used in this study is the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model in the form of a multiple linear regression. This model would help find the dependence of foreign exchange rates on multiple macroeconomic factors over the long run. The regression would be run twice, once with the macroeconomic variables of the US and the pound sterling-Dollar exchange rate denominated in US dollar and again with the variables of the UK area and Dollar-pound sterling exchange rate denominated in pounds. The model used is as follows: The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model: Where, Represents the sterling pound-dollar exchange rate, Represents the interest rate, Represents the percentage change in the inflation rate (CPI), is the percentage change in the economic growth (GDP), are the regression coefficients of , respectively, that need to be determined by estimation in the regression model, is an intercept or a constant, accounts for errors and is assumed to have mean zero and is uncorrelated with the regressors. The Pound sterling-Dollar exchange rate is considered for this study to represent the foreign exchange market for the purpose of achieving the objectives of this paper. The data consisting of the macroeconomic variables would include figures from the United Kingdom area as well as the US. The figures are of a daily frequency, and spread across the past 12 years, February 1999- February 2011. This would help us to show the relation in an advanced way as it would show both the exchange rate s short term as well as long term reaction to new figures on a regular basis every time they are released. By using data of a daily frequency, the movement of the exchange rate, after the effect of new figures released has been absorbed in the market, would give clear indications of the effect of the change over the longer term. Hypothesis: In order to achieve the objective of this study, a null hypothesis is used, which either would be accepted or rejected on the basis of the regression models results. The hypotheses are as follows: H0: Any fundamental (macroeconomic) factor has no relation with, and hence, has no influence on the Sterling pound-Dollar exchange rate movements. H1: Fundamental (macroeconomic) factors have an influence on the Sterling pound-Dollar exchange rate movements. Thus in order to support this null hypothesis, the coefficients associated with each of the independent variable would require to be near or equal to zero and the p-values of the coefficients should not be significantly different from zero. Independent variables: Growth Rate: The growth rates of the United Kingdom and the US area are represented by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the market value of goods and services produced in country in a year. Interest rates: For the US, interest rates are represented by the Federal Funds rate which is the interest rate at which depository institutions, like banks, lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight, while for the United Kingdom interest rates are represented by the Marginal lending rate of the Bank of England, which is the interest rate at which overnight liquidity is lent by the national central banks to eligible counterparties. Inflation rates: The inflation rate in the US is represented by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) which is a measure of the average change in the prices of consumer items over time and includes all urban customers and their buying habits. While for the Sterling pound, it is the Retail Price Index (RPI). Dependent variable: As mentioned earlier, there is a single dependant variable which is the exchange rate. The regression would once be run with the sterling pound-Dollar exchange rate as the dependant variable and the second time it would be replaced with the Dollar-Sterling pound exchange rate. Data Sources and Sample Selection The data for this study would be collected from DataStream, the sources of which are reliable databases of the Bank of England, US Federal Bank, etc. The data consists of the exchange rate of the pound sterling against the US dollar (denominated in US$) and the US dollar against the Pound Sterling (denominated in GBP). Interest rates in the form of Federal funds rates for the US and Marginal Lending rates for the sterling pound area have been used. Inflation is represented by the CPI (all urban items) for the US and Retail Price Index (RPI) for the United Kingdom. The GDP figures of the US and the United Kingdom have been taken as the economic growth indicator of the respective countries. The sample consists of the daily figures of exchange rates and interest rates, monthly figures of the CPI and quarterly figures of the GDP, from February 1999- February 2011. Conclusion Given the importance huge trading in FOREX a lot of research has been carried out in this field. Past literatures on FOREX have shed light into the various aspects of the markets its determinants. As usual there have been debates about whether fundamental factors or technical factors have had a larger impact on FOREX market due to the various variables involved. I would be focusing on the fundamental factors would be using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model to test my data, which would be collected from `DataStream` all other reliable sources. The FOREX market continues to grow in volume importance day by day due to its high reward nature but can be a slippery slope as well for some who take high risk for making a quick buck.

Star Of The Sea By Joseph O Connor Essay - 1478 Words

In the book Star of the Sea, written by author Joseph O’Connor, he states â€Å"They had far more in common than either realised. One was born Catholic, the other Protestant. One was born Irish, the other British. But neither was the greatest difference between them. One was born rich and the other poor.† O’Connor summarises the idea of social class that has been a recurring idea since the dawn of time. Social classes is basically the division of society that is based on social and economic status. The people who were at the top of the social classes were thought to be the prestigious and most worthy people and the further you go down the chain the more common people you began to see. Many people demonstrate the social class system in literature. Shakespeare, especially, offers a challenge to what everyone thought they knew of the social class system. In today’s society the social classes are separated by four different social classes. The first being, the upper class which is only about 1 to 3 percent of the United States’ population, but all together they hold more that 25 percent of the nation’s worth. This class itself divides into two separate groups, the lower-upper and the upper-upper class. The lower-upper class is those who have ‘new money’, people who have acquired their wealth through business venture and investments and so forth. The upper-upper class is those who have ‘old money’, this includes the families that have been rich more many generations. These areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Star of the Sea, what kind of man is Lord Kingscourt2093 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 1 ‘Star of the Sea’ by Joseph o Connor is a text set during the Irish Potato Famine, in 1847. The Irish Potato famine of the 1840s was the greatest social catastrophe of 19th century Europe, yet inspired surprisingly little imaginative writing. (Eagleton, 2002) However this book has been described by the Sunday Times as having ‘compelling characters and a dizzying narrative’ (Heaney, 2007) This compelling story is set around a wealthy, turned bankrupt, land owner and his family whoRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesdimensions.† Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. To my family who have always encircled me with love and encouragement—my parents (Samuel and Charlotte), my wife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesState University Jane Crabtree, Benedictine University Suzanne Crampton, Grand Valley State University Douglas Crawford, Wilson College Michael Cruz, San Jose State University Robert Cyr, Northwestern University Evelyn Dadzie, Clark Atlanta University Joseph Daly, Appalachian State University Denise Daniels, Seattle Pacific University Marie Dasborough, Oklahoma State University Nancy Da Silva, San Jose State University Christine Day, Eastern Michigan University Emmeline de Pillis, University of Hawaii

My Personal Story Free Essays

string(58) " were going in 1 month, in the middle of the school year\." My Personal Story Chapter 1: Elementary School Years (K-6) All of my elementary school years were spent in Ridgewood, New Jersey. I remember going to school everyday at Somerville Elementary. This is only significant because there were a bunch of different schools, all obviously having to do with where you lived. We will write a custom essay sample on My Personal Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think there were like 5. But also, all of my friends went there. It was me, Peter English, Dougie Burek, Ryan Monroe, Cooper Shreve, Matt Myatt, Ned Winner, Frank Melli, Brian Wennersten and Michael Springer. Somehow every year, at least 2 or 3 of us were always in the same class. I guess I was well liked back then, by both my peers and teachers, as I was always chosen to be the lead in plays, and to represent the class at things. In fact I gave an Oscar winning performance Santa in my 2nd grade play, Santa and his magical computer. I was chosen to play the role of â€Å"Old Man† in a play about China or something, don’t really remember to be honest. But I did everything with those guys. We were always playing football, basketball, wiffle ball or something in someone’s backyard. In terms of learning during this time, it was all at a moderate pace, and I don’t really remember having any problem keeping up. My Mom used to take me Hackensack Hospital, a learning center for people who had trouble learning at a normal pace. I never understood why I went there, until my parents told me I had a learning disability, which to me just meant I needed to work harder. My ADHD didn’t really affect me in my daily life, I just remember getting really hyper from time to time, and that was remedied by being given But when it came to grades, I did pretty well, earning all Es (excellents) and Gs (Goods), with like one S (satisfactory) in handwriting. I actually was made a teacher’s helper in both 4th and 5th grade, which meant I got to help grade papers, and help kids with their math, spelling, etc. Also, I was picked for Critical thinking, which was a big deal because only the â€Å"smartest† kids got picked for that, and there you got to talk about advanced things like, geometry and books that you had read. Otherwise, I remember my elementary school years for the sports I played. I played Little League Baseball, Soccer, and Biddy Basketball. My mom wouldn’t let me play because she thought, despite me being one of the bigger kids in school, that I would get hurt. I was on travelling all-star teams for all of the sports, and was thinking about sports 24-7 then. I played in 3 basketball leagues at a time, Biddy, YMCA, and my All-star team. In 4th grade my dad coached both my Biddy team, and my all-star team. I still like to give him a hard time about taking me out of a tournament game against Neptune, NJ where I scored the first 8 points of the game, in fact our only 8 points in the quarter to keep us in the game! Then he left me out until the 4th quarter. We ended up losing by 22 points. 22! I was feeling it, should’ve left me in. Also, the great thing about playing sports was that there were stats involved. After every game we played, my brothers and I would talk about what kind of numbers we were putting up. It was a big deal to outscore the others. At one point, I held the record for most points scored in an organized basketball game with 26 in 4th grade, which stood until my younger brother broke it with 28 points when he was a senior in high school. The first thing he did after that game? Called both me and my older brother at college to let us know the mark had fallen. We were a very competitive bunch. To this day, we talk about these things at Thanksgiving. 5th and 6th grade were very big for me in terms of change in my life. In 5th grade, within a span of 6 months I lost all of my grandparents, including my great Uncle Johnny. There are 3 days in my life that I remember everything I did the entire day, and my Grandma dying is one of them. The other two will come later. I came home from school, was sitting in our den with my 2 brothers, and watching TV. The phone rang, and my mom answered it, then she came in the room, and said, â€Å"I just want to let you all know, Grandma just died. We all started crying immediately. I remember my mom screaming â€Å"I want my mommy! † repeatedly and feeling helpless. I had never really experienced personal loss before, as I had never met my dad’s mother because she died when he was 16. His father re-married 3 months later, and my dad never got along with his stepmother, and they kicked him out of their house. I’ve never m et my dad’s father. So, losing my Grandma was a big deal. I always remember coming home from school, seeing her, and her always making me smile. I remember everything about her to be honest. Her perfume smell, the fact she always kept bouillon cubes in her pantry, and the fact that she always loved everything my brothers and I were interested in. Her and my Grandpa became baseball fans because of us, after not really caring one way or another before we were born (I’m told). My Grandma was always around, and she loved her grandchildren very much. She was a great lady, always singing, always happy. In the middle of 6th grade, My dad came home from work one day, sat me and my brothers down, and told us we were moving to Chagrin Falls, Ohio. He said we were going in 1 month, in the middle of the school year. You read "My Personal Story" in category "Papers" I wasn’t excited, as all I ever knew was New Jersey, but obviously had to do it. It was really hard leaving all of my friends. Chapter 2: Middle School (Grades 6 to 8) After finally getting acclimated with middle school life in New Jersey, and getting used to how things worked there, I was ripped out of there, and plunked into a small town in Ohio. Coming into the middle of a school year is hard for everyone, but especially for a middle schooler. I remember my first day, and being sat at the â€Å"nerd† table because the guy showing me around thought that would be best. I didn’t let that happen though. I immediately got up and sat at the â€Å"cool† table, and actually ended up becoming friends with those people. It was still pretty hard to make friends though, as in a small town everyone knows everyone else’s business, and have their own clicks. In homeroom, when I sat down, two girls waked me around the room, ad told me whom I needed to bother with getting to know, and who not to care about. It kind of prepared me for what Chagrin was all about. A lot of people who base their worth off of what other people think about them. I ended up making a lot of friends, but kind of felt like an outsider for my middle school years, even though I was pretty much accepted. Everyone loved to talk about things they did together when they were younger, and how long they’d been friends. SO I just tried to blend in, and try and not get noticed. I’d always sit my older brother on the bus, and not really talk to anybody, until one day my friends Cade Otstot and Trevor Gile told me to sit with them and their friends. From that day on I felt like I belonged. Class-wise, being in small classrooms with less people made me feel like I was always getting put on the spot. I hated answering questions in class, and really hated doing my homework. I always felt like there was so much else to do other then that. SO I put school on the back burner and got caught up in trying to be popular, and playing sports. Although I always did enough to get by. I never really got Fs or Ds or anything like that, but also didn’t try and overachieve for fear people would look at me like I was a nerd or something. Looking back, that was probably a mistake. I played basketball and football in middle school, but really wasn’t that good. I loved the sports, but this time is when I started gaining weight. I wasn’t obese or anything, but I wasn’t in shape either. I was on the B teams in both sports, but excelled in baseball. I always thought I was playing well, but the coaches never seemed to notice. So I was relegated to the bench for the most part. Otherwise my middle school years were pretty uneventful, although I did make a few really good friends, but also I fell out of touch with my New Jersey friends. Chapter 3: High School (Grades 9-12) Freshmen Year of high school was pretty typical. My older bother Mark was a senior, and looked out for me for the most part, but I still got flak for being his younger brother. Nothing too crazy though, because I knew eventually I’d be as big if not bigger than those guys, and if they really did something to me, I’d get them back ten fold. Football practice that year was big wakeup call. Everyone was bigger faster than us Frosh, and everything seemed to move a lot quicker. Especially in school. There were no classes where I could just drift through, I had to stay up on my studies, which I think I did a good job of, but still my mind drifted a lot to sports, and girls. I didn’t really have much interaction with girl’s, except them being nice to me to get to my brother. All the freshmen girls wanted my older brother, so people whom I had never talked to decided it was a good idea to talk to me. I didn’t go to many parties then, as my fiends and I were more into just going to the movies and hanging out at my parents’ house. Or we’d play football in my backyard. But I did get asked to the winter formal (a Sadie Hawkins dance). I had a good time on my first actual date where I had to dress up in a jacket and tie. Also, that year I got my first detention, and had to stay after school, and was grounded, although it was my brother’s fault that we were late so many times. Only detention of my career actually. So that’s pretty much my Freshmen Year. Sophomore year was just a blah year. Nothing really happens in your sophomore year. Just same old same old. Football wise, I lettered, and I made the JV basketball team. That year our football team broke our 28 game losing streak, the longest in Northeast Ohio, We won our last 2 games, to go 2-8. I went to my first Homecoming dance, and also my second winter formal. School wise, I got bored. The classes were so boring to me. I just wanted school to end every day. Also, the girls who had talked to me the year before because my brother, just plain stopped. Shocking I know. Junior year was actually a lot more fun. I finally mounted the courage to talk to girls regularly. I made some great friends in the process as these girls are the people who I still keep in touch with the most to this day. I was voted to be head coach of the Powder Puff football team, and that was a great way to get to know everybody. I had a blast doing it, and it helped me get invited to parties and what not. My friends and I had a blast that year. We’d go out every weekend, and party. It was great! I had two dates to the winter formal, my friends Meghan, and Melissa. Everything was going really well socially, as I really came out of my shell. Academically, I did just enough to get by, posting GPAs anywhere from 2. 7-3. 0 during this year. Can you sense a pattern here? Went to my first prom with my friend Katie. It was at Jacobs Field where the Tribe plays so it was an awesome night! Senior Year was a blast too. The football team did really well, winning our first 7 games, and having 2 games that were voted games of the decade in Cleveland. Big deal for a little school like ours. Also, I actually got to contribute, and set the family record for kick return average; at 3. yds a return (I caught 2 onside kicks, and ran one 3 yards). This was the first year I actually got in shape for football, and took it seriously. It’s the first time in my life I learned that whatever you put into something, you get out of it. I took the SATs untimed, a â€Å"perk† as my parents put it of having a learning disability, which to be honest put more pres sure on me then anything. I over thought pretty much every question, and was in an isolated room by myself. It was kind of miserable. I didn’t score as high as I would’ve liked but did enough to get accepted into 5 colleges. These were all small schools where the environment was geared towards learning at your own pace, and where they had good LD programs, as my parents made this a high priority. Funny, I had never been in LD classes in high school, but my parents thought I should do it in college. Anyway, I graduated, went away that summer to the Jersey Shore, as we had been doing since I was 11, where my summers consisted of being a dishwasher/bus boy at Uncle Bill’s Pancake House during the day, and a Summer Place at night, and came back and said goodbye to all of my friends, before initially heading off to Muskingum College. Chapter 4: College (1998-2006) Muskingum College (1998-2000) The college odyssey that was the Scott Iantosca Experience started in New Concord, OH. Now I thought I wanted a small college in a small town, but I quickly found out that this wasn’t the place for me. All there was to do was drink in your dorms, and go to one of the 3 fraternity houses on the campus. If you weren’t in a fraternity, you pretty much had nothing to do. Thankfully I was getting recruited pretty hard by all of the fraternities, so I had some fun. I was accepted into the plus program, which is the LD program there. I didn’t realize the commitment. We had to meet with tutors for every subject. And it had to be in between your classes, not when you had free time. It kind of was like an added class. Midway through I stopped going. I didn’t want to hear the exact same lecture twice, which was basically what it was. I just used them as needed, and that wasn’t taken to kindly too by the administrators. Also, I thought I could get by skipping class all the time, and teaching myself the material. I probably only showed up to my classes about half of the time. Somehow I was stunned when I got a 1. 7 GPA, and couldn’t rush that year, while all of my friends were allowed to. Then I got kicked out of school at the end of the year for my grades. This was a wake up call, or so I thought. I had to go to Muskingum and plead my way back in, in front of the board of trustees with the leader of the Plus program. It was really embarrassing. Being as I had soured on the Muskingum experie nce, I was fighting to get back into a school I didn’t want to go to. I got back in on a probationary period, but then was so unhappy there, I did the same thing. Then I told my parents I didn’t want o go back, and instead of working hard and getting good enough grades so that I could transfer out of there, I just stopped going to class, and only turning in papers. I thought I could just get kicked out and go wherever I wanted to. At the end of the semester, I went home for good. I got a job waiting tables for Max Erma’s, and Blockbuster video while my friends were at school. It was pretty miserable. I gained a lot of weight, getting up into the 270s. And was feeling like my life was passing me by and I would be living with my parents forever. My only form of entertainment was going to my brother’s basketball games, but I’d always feel awkward because I’d see people I know there and have to answer questions about why I was home from school. Landmark College–Putney, VT (2000-2001) The second part of my college odyssey was at Landmark College. My mom found out about it through someone she worked with and being as I had no other options, I decided to take a look at it. It is a school solely for people who have learning disabilities, mostly severe, and who have gotten kicked out of school. Basically a second chance for people who have messed up in their first try at college. I went into it optimistically, but even during my first visit, I knew it was going to be a challenge. Putney, Vermont is a very small town, where there is absolutely nothing to do. The campus was so small it didn’t help much either. There was a zero tolerance drinking policy, and if you were caught once, you were immediately brought in front of this disciplinary board where you were given a hearing. Pretty strict. Also, the only way to get off campus was on a van that one day a month would take you to Wal-Mart, and then every Friday take students to the movie theater. That was it. We all referred to it as a prison. People were trying to get thrown out of there on a nightly basis, and going to great lengths to do it. Kids would intentionally trash their rooms, even throwing their TVs out the window in hopes of getting kicked out. And everyone would try and overdose on their prescription meds, in hopes of their parents taking them out of school. There was an ambulance or campus security van at one of the 2 dorms every night. Many of the students had some serious learning problems, for example, many didn’t know what a verb was until they went to Landmark. Or in one instance, this guy couldn’t form a complete sentence logistically until he went there. Not really a big deal to me, but just not something I had been around before. They also told stories at orientation about how Landmark changed their lives, and how before Landmark they would get so frustrated they would cry by themselves in the shower. Pretty heavy stuff, but also made you think and re-evaluate your position in life, and inspired me to get my stuff together. A lot of the things they talked about were about accepting your disability, and learning to overcome it. Having not really had my learning disability really be a big deal for me, I hadn’t realized that a lot of the reasons I had trouble focusing, and talking in class was because of my ADHD. It was kind of eye-opening. Socially, I kept to myself, and just concentrated on my grades and school work. They were pretty laid back there, and although we were assigned a tutor and an advisor who we had weekly meetings with, they only lasted as long as you wanted them to, and being as I was getting a 4. 0, mine were really short. The classes were really easy to me for some reason, so I did really well. I pretty much cut off my social life because I knew why I was there: To get the hell out of there! My days went like this: Wake up, go to class, eat lunch, go to the library, go to class, do homework, watch TV and sleep. This is what happened 24-7. I never deviated. I talked to my advisor every day about what I needed to do to transfer, and he kept telling me to take my entire 2 years there. No way was this happening. I finally sat down with my dad and outlined what I had accomplished, the fact that I was 21 at the time, and that I had proven to everyone, including myself that I was ready for a â€Å"regular† college again. I even was inducted into Phi Theta Kappa, the junior college National Honor society. It was the first academic award I had gotten since elementary school, and my parents came to the ceremony. I was really proud of myself, to be honest. So, I then started to look for schools to apply to. After being in social jail for a year, I decided campus life was a big deal, as well as my major, which was going to be sports management. Ohio University met both of these criteria, and accepted me, so there you had it. Ohio University (2002-2006) Ohio University was the most fun I had ever had in my life. I did so many things academically, and socially it was amazing. My parents moved to Switzerland, and my older brother moved to Warsaw, Poland, so I got travel around Europe on my 6 week Christmas break while other people had to go home and get part time jobs or sit around. I experienced and saw so many beautiful things, and expanded my horizons greatly. Of all the places that I travelled, I would definitely say Germany and Italy were my two favorite places to visit. In Germany, we travelled along the Christmas trail, which had Weinachtsmarkts (Christmas Markets) all up down the states. It was amazing. Although I already had a few high school friends who went to OU, and had established a good group of non-fraternity friends or GDIs (you can pretty much figure out what that means), I decided to rush and join a fraternity, much to their chagrin. They thought â€Å"Frats† were full of meatheads, and shunned them pretty much. I, on the other hand, am all about new experiences and branching out, so I saw this as a gateway for doing so, and expanding my social circle, and creating lifelong networking contacts. I ended up joining the Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity, after receiving bids from all of the fraternities I visited. Being a 22 year old pledge was hard, as I was being â€Å"hazed† by people younger than me, but it allowed me to bond with my pledge brothers, and build some lifelong bonds with them. I still keep in touch with many of them, and have been in 2 of their weddings, and 4 of them (Rick Heyeck, Mike McMasters, Aaron Gray, and Will Hardy) will probably stand in my wedding, if I ever get married. I’ll always cherish my times with them. Ohio University is known for being a party school, and while it certainly did live up to its reputation as such, I still managed to always make it to class, and get moderately good grades. I was in the learning disabled program there, but only used it to take untimed tests. Which, again, were nerve racking as someone just sat in the room and stared at you while you were taking the test. Since, many of my credits didn’t transfer over; I had to pretty much start over from scratch academically, but was fine with it because OU was so much fun. The Sport Industry program had everything I was interested in, a lot of sports classes, and a good amount of business classes, and was very laid back as to the amount of work we had. It was very term paper based, and being as I love to write, I was all about it. The only negative from this experience was that my weight became a real problem. I was pushing 300 lbs by the end of my tenure as a Bobcat. Ohio University was a study in excess. Excessive drinking/partying, eating junk food, and excessive sleeping. Not a lot of workout time in there. My main concern was how this would affect me in getting a job after school, but it really didn’t as my advisor knew someone with Columbus Blue Jackets, and spoke to them, and I got a job there after interviewing. Post College (2006-Present) Right after I graduated, I took a job as an Inside Sales Rep for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. I figured this was the best way for me to get my foot in the door within the Sports Industry, so to speak. What I didn’t realize was that ticket sales was not what I wanted to do. I thought that I would eventually make a lateral move to doing something more in the front office, but about a month into my tenure, I saw that I was pretty much pigeonholed into being a â€Å"ticketing guy†. This was fine, I guess, because I won the monthly sales contests consistently. Also, I enjoyed working with a close knit sales â€Å"team† of people at the same stages of their careers as I was. This also created a great environment of competition, and I gained a mentor in my boss, Joseph Cote, who is now the head of ticketing for the Portland Timbers, of Major League Soccer, and the Portland Beavers, a minor league baseball team. He basically taught me how to be a professional, and how to balance fun in the office with being serious and buckling down. The perks of the job were unreal. We worked at the arena, so we had free reign to all of the events, and also had to â€Å"work† the hockey games. Basically it consisted of us standing at a table during the intermissions, and then visiting our clients we had sold for the game. Then we just watched the game the rest of the time. It was a good job. But, towards the end of my tenure there, my mother contracted a benign cyst on her back the size of a basketball, and was rendered basically an immovable object. She had to have surgery, and with my dad being CEO of a major corporation, and my brothers living in San Antonio, TX, and Manhattan at the time, I decided I needed to come home and take care of my mother while she was incapacitated. She would definitely do it for us. Family always comes first. This did not go over well with my employers, and they gave me an ultimatum of accepting a promotion, or going home and helping my mother. Which do you think I chose? I told them thanks for the opportunity, and gave my two weeks notice that day, and moved from Columbus, OH back to my parents’ house in Chagrin Falls, OH. After about 6 months of taking care of my mom, she was ready to live normally again. During my time with her though, I did do some good things to get my life in order, and re-focus on what’s important. I joined LA weight loss (which doesn’t exist anymore), and by the end of my tenure there I had lost 108 lbs. it’s easily my biggest accomplishment, aside from sticking with college and getting a degree. So after that, I revved up my job search again, and looked anywhere and everywhere for a job. But many of the interviews I was going to were for jobs selling copiers, or Ink for copiers, or things of that nature. I think what I enjoyed most about sales is the passion that was brought to the job everyday when I was selling something that I knew a lot about and had great interest in. Selling copiers, or ink, or technical equipment while living in Cleveland wasn’t really doing it for me. So begrudgingly after trying to find a job on my own for about 3 months, I asked my father for help. He had dinner one night with Jay Bauer, the president of Nation Pizza Products in Schaumburg, IL, and had mentioned his son who was coming to pick him up that night was looking for a job after a hiatus from employment (a really nice way to say I was unemployed by the way). As I picked him up, Jay came to the car, and told me to call him the next day and he would see what he had for me at Nation. I was pretty excited. After living with my parents for a while I would have moved anywhere, but Chicago was a dream. I’ve always loved Chicago. It has everything, great nightlife, So many sports teams, and the best restaurants in the world. I called Jay the next day, and the rest was history. After flying me out for an interview and dinner with my two future bosses, a tour of the plant, and then another interview with HR, They called me a week later and hired me for a position they were creating especially for me. This should have been my first sign that Nation wasn’t right for me. See, everyone at Nation Pizza Products has been there for decades, there are only a handful of new hires every year. And they only had one salesmen, albeit the VP of sales, but he had done everything himself for 15 years. They had no idea what to do with me, built hired me basically to keep up the relationship with their biggest customer, Nestle. Thus, being the President and CEO’s son really is what got me hired. Nothing having to do with my sales acumen at all. I was too elated by the fact I was living in downtown Chicago to care at this point, but this was sign #2. I tried to soak up everything I could my first year there, doing a lot of grunt work, trying extra hard to pay my dues, and when given the chance to work with customers I shined. But when I asked for more responsibility, I was told I wasn’t ready. Also, the handled me with â€Å"kid gloves† the entire time I was there. Not talking about customers other than Nestle with me because they thought I would tell my dad, despite the fact that they were PAYING me to be a Nation employee! I even signed a confidentiality agreement when I started there. I thought this would eventually get better over the years, as I progressed in the business. It did not. As time went on, I was given reluctant independence there, but when able to work alone with customers, they would send me thank you notes, and call the President of the company directly and let them know how much they enjoyed working with me. Instead of giving my boss confidence in me, he took it as a threat to his job, and I was gunning for him. Which I wasn’t. I thought the two of us could and should work as a team, thus with double the effort, we could bring in double the business. He didn’t see it that way, and took credit for many of my sales when talking with the executive board. I’m not one to be boastful about my achievements, but how does one gain respect at an organization when people are constantly thinking he is just a minion, and hasn’t made a sale in 4 years? Also, I worked with a lot of fake people. It was really bad. Maybe it’s a food industry thing, but everyone I worked with, from the chefs to the food scientist, was extremely fake towards me. They loved to tell me I was doing a good job, and then behind my back talk to my bosses, and make negative comments about me, and disregard the way I was working. Also, the commute was obnoxious. It was an hour and half each way, and wouldn’t put me back in the city until around 8, after sitting in traffic. I didn’t mind it when I thought there was a place for me at the company, and a progression plan in place. There was neither. Then, My dad â€Å"retired† from Nestle, as much as basically taking 3 months off and hanging in Miami with my mom can be called that before taking the opportunity to run another company here in Chicago, everyone started treating me differently. They treated me as if they had no need for me anymore, and I wasn’t a valuable member of the team. In my fourth and final year there, they kept making take the boss’ car to get washed, or carry boxes for women who worked in the office to their cars, or clean up the presentation room, basically treating me like a secretary. Finally I had enough, and walked into the presidents’ office, who was my major confidant at the company (another source of angst for the VP of sales because he thought I was bad mouthing him to him, which I wasn’t, so much insecurity there), and told him it wasn’t working out. I said I was no longer happy here, and didn’t really see myself going any further than my current position. He tried to get me to stay, and I actually considered it, until the VP of sales walked in. Thankfully, for him, I’m a classy person, and I thanked them both for the opportunity, and gave my two weeks notice. They said they would pay me for my two weeks regardless, and asked what I wanted to do, and I said I would just leave then. I’ve never been happier or more content with a decision I’ve made in my entire life. Also, the president of the company said he would help me out in anyway he could, and write me a recommendation if I needed it. I still keep in touch with him as we speak. So that brings us to present day. I am unemployed, but extremely happy. I’m glad I’m taking a step back and actually analyzing what my strengths and weaknesses are, ad what my interests are. Taking my time choosing my next move is definitely the right step to take. The next chapter of my life is yet to be written I feel. Do I have a plan? I’m getting there. There are things I envision myself accomplishing professionally and personally over the next 5-10 years. I won’t bore you with them here. But the great thing is I have an unbelievable support system behind me of family and friends. Also, I feel like I have the right attitude towards it, and am determined to do thing the right way this time. And whatever I choose I know I’ll work hard at it, and take steps to become a success. Just taking it one day at a time. How to cite My Personal Story, Papers

The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet

Introduction The initial attempts to make the mobile phone an electronic wallet can be traced to the efforts by Nokia around 1997 (Leavitt 2010). In that year the Company (Nokia) made attempts to allow people purchase soft drinks from vending machines through the use of Short Messaging Services (SMS). Soon after that initial effort another Finnish company, Merita Bank, offloaded the first mobile banking system based on SMS (Leavitt 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A mobile payment system is one that facilitates transfer of funds securely for purchase of goods through a mobile phone based application (Quigley 2008).However, mobile payment systems did not make the expected impact owing to the fact that the use of wireless devices was still not widespread and the GUI’s for most of these initial devices were poorly designed (Leavi tt 2010). Technological advancement has seen the production of smart phones with many capabilities and significant changes in the capacity and bandwidth on the cellular networks around the world. Further dissatisfaction associated with credit card fees has worked to further increase the propensity towards mobile payment options. Currently through the use of smart phones there are applications to make purchases such as music and videos possible online. It is in light of this that an innovation such as a comprehensive mobile payment system may go a long way in reducing the complexities associated with transfer of cash in Abu Dhabi. Such a system could be useful in activities such as the collection of charitable donations, purchase of air time, utility bill payment and mobile banking. In this project the objective is the creation of a mobile payment system for use in Abu Dhabi. The proposed system could be used to pay for services such as taxi fare, make purchases and pay utility bills . The system could be especially useful for visitors as the region is typically inhabited by an Arab speaking population (Middle East Hub). Factors in Favor of the Innovation Prior to making a decision on the innovation it was essential to establish the viability of the project. In this regard it was noted that the revenue fro telecommunications in UAE rose from $ 2.7 to $3.1 million between 2000 and 2004 (Shirazi Rogers 2008). This data suggests that there has been an increase in the usage of telecommunication in the period and it is likely that the increase is bound to be sustained over time with the emergence of new technology in cellular networks. In addition to that it was observed that the number that the number of mobile phone subscribers rose from below 10 per 100 people to almost 80 per 100 people over the duration between 1995 and 2003 (See fig 1). Based on this it is possible to conclude that the penetration of mobile phones within the Abu Dhabi area is very widespread g iven that it is the largest of the emirates.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that may favor the innovation of a mobile phone passed payment application in Abu Dhabi is based on the fact the region has a high number of immigrant workers. According to Kapeszweski, the Gulf region is among the largest job markets for Asian and Arab job seekers (2006). In light of this the UAE has a population of foreigners that constitutes almost 80% of the overall population (Kapeszweski 2006). Due to this fact there is a very large percentage of the population that may not be very fluent in Arabic, the local language. This portion of the population could greatly benefit from such an innovation which will significantly reduce the hassles involved with payment of services. Due to the above contributing factors it would appear that such an innovation may be successful in the regi on. This is based on the high penetration and large population that may benefit from such an innovation. Potential Benefits The use of a mobile phone to make payments can allow the user several potential advantages. For example, the mobile device can be linked to a credit or debit card thus granting the user access to essential services even in the absence of credit card verification machines (Leavitt 2010). This access to services when needed is very beneficial for users and has been reported to create much additional revenue for merchants whose markets are expanded to include areas prior to inaccessible. In addition to that these payments options allow the users to take maximum advantage of social networking forums (Leavitt 2010). Social networks are already being widely used and these options can provide an avenue to maximize on the opportunities available in the forums. It is hoped that through the creation of a similar system the residents of Abu Dhabi can benefit from the incr eased efficiency it will ensure. Cases Studies in Mobile Payment Systems Among the examples of successful mobile payment schemes in other parts of the world is the system known as BOKU. This company was launched in 2009 and has grown through the acquisition of mobile vendors, namely, Mobilcash and Paymo (Leavitt 2010). The BOKU system relies on its relationships with several mobile carriers around the world to serve both merchants ad publishers in 65 countries around the world (Leavitt 2010). The company mainly performs transactions and offers assistance for purchasing gaming products and other virtual goods. The product does not focus on money transfer. The system basically asks a user to authenticate a transaction whenever they intend to make a purchase. After calculation of the purchase totals the system will then reflect the same on the users wireless phone bill (Leavitt 2010). Another novel approach in the mobile payment systems market is known as Obopay. According to the compa ny vice president, this service is suitable for funds transfer between people, payment for goods or services, purchase of mobile phone air time and making charitable donations (Leavitt 2010). However the service is not offered directly but through partners such as financial institutions, mobile carriers, merchants and other non profit organizations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The system allows users to effect payment by sending an SMS to the company. Thorough the Obopay payment mechanism a consumer can access money for expenditure that is locked in a credit/debit card, bank account or even use the prepaid deposit (Leavitt 2010). After making an entry on details of the purchase the user selects the source from which they want to make the payment (Leavitt 2010). The payment process is secured through use of an authenticated phone and a user PIN to prevent fraud and other risks. The last mobile payment system that was explored in considering this project is known as Zong. This company was established in the year 2000 and has established a network of various mobile carriers which it can rely on to charge the user. The company has managed to build an impressive following and boasts almost 3.5 million registered users serving almost 220 carriers in 50 countries across the globe (Leavitt 2010). The company liaises with major digital goods company’s such as Facebook and is reported to be the mobile payment provider for Facebook credits (Leavitt 2010). They also provide virtual currency that can be used for games and other purposes. Payments are made on merchant websites and require the user to enter their phone numbers and a PIN for the transaction. The funds are then deducted through the user mobile carrier. New Approaches in Mobile Payment Systems In recent times the development of various apps that are used o n smart phones to facilitate making payments. Some established online payment companies such as Papal are in the process of developing apps that can use the smart phone technology such as blue tooth to allow for funds transfer between phones (Leavitt 2010). Another smart innovation worth consideration is the mobile application that allows transfer of a check to a Papal account by taking a picture of the check for submission in place of the check. These applications have been able to take and advantage of the fact that Papal stores both credit and debit card information securely on their servers thus reducing the complexity of creating such an application (Leavitt 2010). However, among the more notable and potentially beneficial current trends is the use of near field communication technology in mobile payment systems. This technology allows the mobile phone to be fitted with a device that allows it to be identified within a specified proximity (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). In fact in some countries such as Japan and Korea mobile phones are already being mass produced with Radio Frequency Identification (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). With this technological attachment in place the mobile phone can act as a contact less card and be used for financial transactions (Quigley 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The NFC device embedded in the mobile phone despite having a shorter range can allow the phone to perform a large variety of functions. Fr example with such technology it is possible to create a smart poster with an embedded RFID tag. Upon waving the device close to the poster the phone can get more information about the poster. Such applications have been found effective in ticketing and purchase of promotion products (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). This technology offers much promise and may be considered as the option of choice for the proposed mobile payment system for Abu Dhabi. Potential Success Factors Mobile payment options have of recent began to gain acceptance across the world due to a variety of factors. First of all the success and interest in the options is due to the compatibility with the lifestyles of a large percentage of the population (Mallat 2007). In a study that observed the mobile phone use patterns across a cross section of user it was noted that among teens, studen ts, young adults, parents and middle aged adults, all groups were conversant with use of the device and had used the device for mobile payment (Mallat 2007). In addition to this some users suggested that such options seriously favored them as they reduced the hassle associated with queues at various POS. In addition to this convenience there is the fact that mobile devices are carried by almost all people almost all the time. This provides the user with the advantage of combining various functions in a single device. Most of the users of these facilities have suggested that the main advantage with the mobile payment options is the simplicity of the SMS options (Mallat 2007). As the users have already become accustomed to the use of the mobile phone the SMS based procedure to carry out the transaction is especially well suited and easy to use (Mallat 2007). The above points are among the factors that provide this proposal with motivation and suggest it will be successful if implement ed. In addition to these it should be kept in mind that mobile phone penetration is quite high in Abu Dhabi and thus it should be successful. References Kapiszewski, A. (2006). Arab Versus Asian Migrant workers in the GCC countries. United Nations Expert Group Meeting on International Migration and Development in the Arab Region, 02, 1-21. Leavitt, N. (2010). Payments Applications Make E-Commerce Mobile. Technology News, 19-22. Mallat, N. (2007). Exploring Consumer Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: A Qualitative Study. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 1-14. Middle East Hub. (n.d.). Transportation in Abu Dhabi. Web. Ondrus, J., Pigneur, Y. (2007). An Assessment of NFC for Future Mobile Payment Systems. Management of Mobile Technology, 1-7. Quigley, M. (2008). Encyclopedia of Information Ethics and Security. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Shirazi, F., Rogers, T. (2008). The Contribution of ICT to Freedom and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis of Archival Da ta on the Middle East. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 35(6), 1-24. Appendix Figure 1: Mobile Subscribers in Middle East 1995 – 2003 (Shirazi Rogers 2008) This report on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet was written and submitted by user Jaxon E. to help you with your own studies. 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